NEW FRONTIERS FOR EMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE The Heritage, The Arts and Communication as a Laboratory for New Ideas Report edited by Carla Bodo and Rod Fisher, in co-operation with Annalisa Cicerchia CIRCLE Publications No 9 Published by Associazione Economia per la Cultura, Rome 1997

A remarkable recent prediction (1997) suggest that within 10 years, 80% of the workforce in European Union countries will be operating on the basis of skills acquired now or previously, but 80% of jobs by then will use technology not currently in use. It seems extraordinary to think that the fundamental changes we have witnessed to employment patterns and the nature of work in recent years is merely part of a process of change that has major human resource implications, let alone economic and social ones.

The cultural sector has not been immune to these changes and the principal task CIRCLE set itself when it organised a Round Table in Spoleto was to examine sectoral and geographical trends in employment in the cultural sector in selected European countries. There was a perception that the numbers of people employed in the cultural sector was growing, but this needed to be examined to see if such growth was confined to specific sectors and/or some countries only.

At the same time, CIRCLE wanted to promote dialogue on the synergies between culture and employment and, in particular, the job creation potential of culture. Culture and the audiovisual industries were among the areas identified in the European Council meeting in Essen in December 1994 as having a major potential for employment growth. Subsequent communications from the Commission not only reinforced this, but identified other employment growth areas - e.g. new information/communication technologies, tourism and urban regeneration - where culture has an important role to play. As several speakers in Spoleto pointed out, culture is seen by the European Commission as a potential employment reservoir.

This report of the Round Table provides a timely contribution to the current debate on the topical issue of the potential of the cultural sector in face of the employment challenge in the European countries.

Summary

- Foreword and post-conference up-date, Rod Fisher (Secretary-General of CIRCLE and Director of the International Arts Bureau)

I. The Seminar

1. Introductions, Vittorio Ripa di Meana, Fiorella Padoa Schioppa, Eduard Delgado, Jean Michel Baer, Willer Bordon, Frederica Rossi Gasparrini, Alessandro Laureti and Renato Locchi
   
   
2. The state of art of employment in the cultural sector
   - Introduction, Vera Botho
   - Which role for culture in the EU in front of the employment challenge?, Luciana Castellina
   - Cultural employment and employment in the cultural sector in Western Europe, Jean Michel Guy
   
   
3. Cultural employment in a national, European and local perspective
   - Introduction, Pier Benedetto Francese
   - Employment policy, cultural policy: what can they do for each other?, Paolo Leon
   - The contribution of the Structural Funds to cultural employment, Massimo Gaiani
   - Cultural employment and the local and regional context, Eduard Delgado
   - The French ´Solidarity contracts´, Bernard Gomel
   - The Italian Agency for Employment, Paolo Giacomelli
   - The Temple Bar experience: innovative ways of creating employment in the cultural sector, Adrian Munnelly
   - The case of Spoleto in the employment policy of the Umbria Region, Carlo Liviantoni
   
   
4. Employment in three cultural subsectors: the heritage, the performing arts, the audiovisual
   - Introduction, Luciano Angelino
   - Employment and the heritage, Marco Causi
   - Perspectives of the performing arts, Dragan Klaic
   - Employment in the audiovisual sector: data and sources at a European level, André Lange
   - The cataloguing of the heritage as a potential source for employment, Maria Luisa Polichetti

II. Employment in the cultural sector in six European countrires: Results of an investigation

- Investigating cultural employment in six European countries: problems and outcomes, Carla Bodo
- Finland, Paula Karhunen and Eija Ritimaki
- France, Jeanine Cardona
- Germany, Andreas Wiesand
- Italy, Carla Bodo
- Great Britain, Andy Feist
- Russia, Kiril Razlogov and Alexander Rubinstein

- Concluding statements issued by the participants

- Appenix A
- Describing cultural employment with statistics, Annalisa Cicerchia
- The questionnaire

- Appendix B
- List of participants

- Appendix C
- Introduction to the work of the CIRCLE network