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HARMONY OR CONFUSION FOR CULTURE IN EUROPE? The impact of the Single Market and the Maastricht Treaty Report edited by Carla Bodo and Rod Fisher, in co-operation with Sabina Addamiano |
Report edited by Carla Bodo and Rod Fisher, in co-operation with Sabina Addamiano
Although arts practitioners might accept that contemporary cultural life has been irrevocably changed by the events in Eastern and Central Europe, most would find it difficult to understand that the European Single Market, let alone the Maastricht Treaty, could also have a bearing on arts practice. Yet while the creation of the European Single Market may have been led by economic and trade considerations, there were cultural implications from the outset.
A single trading space embodying the famous four freedoms -the movement of goods, services, people and money as easily as if it were a single country- is also a single cultural space and, inevitably, it has a bearing on culture and cultural practice. It implies the unfettered movement of cultural goods and services, so that artists can exhibit their works in other member states of the European Community with a minimum of formalities, and theatre companies, orchestras and film crews can move their sets, instruments and equipment without hinderance when crossing national boundaries. It infers the freedom of mobility of performers, artists and arts managers so they can practise their art or carry out their business in a member state other than one in which they were trained.
It promised the introduction of measures to stimulate employment, especially in the audiovisual sector, and moves to improve the economic position and social and working conditions of artists and performers within the cultural sector.
However, the creation of the Single Market has left a myriad of unresolved questions for the cultural and media sector, and new issues have arisen as a result of the inclusion of an article in the Treaty of Maastricht specially dedicated to culture. Accordingly the CIRCLE network organised a symposium to distil the knowledge acquired from these research studies and the experiences of specialists, with the intention of developing policy signpost to alert and guide decision-makers in the cultural sector.
Time dictated that the debate should focus on six issued particular:
state subsidies; intellectual rights and copyright; the movement of works
of arts and heritage; the mobility and working conditions of cultural
workers; the circulation of the products of the cultural industries; and
taxation.
This report produces edited versions of the papers presented at the Venice
symposium. Furthermore it contains reviews of the various sessions by
the rapporteurs and main conclusions reached at the symposium.
Summary
- Preface, Vittorio Ripa di Meana (President
of the Italian Association for Cultural Economics)
- Note by the Italian editor, Carla Bodo (ISPE, Institute for Studies
on Economic Planning)
- Introduction, Rod Fisher (Secretary-General of CIRCLE and Director of
the International Arts Bureau)
- What kind of public support for culture
in Europe?
- Review by the rapporteur, Carla Bodo
- The European Community and national cultural subsidy measures, Peter Mulder
- Constraints on the funding of the arts and culture imposed by EC law, Frank Rawlinson
- The European Community, culture and Denmark, Hendrik Bering Liisberg
- Copyright and related rights in the
European Union
- Review by the rapporteur, Eduard Delgado
- Copyright and the Single European Market, Vincent Porter
- Is further harmonization necessary within the European Community? The position on droit de suite, private copies and performing rights, Sibylle Schlatter-Krüger
- The movement of works of art and heritage
in Europe
- Review by the rapporteur, Harry Post
- Movement of cultural assets and heritage in Europe: an introduction to the debate, Anne Magnant
- Are EC directives and policy consistent with the need to secure the protection of Europe´s heritage?, Stefano Rodotà
- The arguments for a deregulated art market, Anna Somers Cocks
- The plunder of Eastern European artifacts and their sale in the West: a cultural haemorrhage beyond recovery?, Eric-Christian V. Hendriksen
- The mobility and social situation
of cultural workers
- Review by the rapporteur, Ritva Mitchell
- The social conditions and principal rights of performers in the European Community, Marie Madeleine Krust
- Artists in Europe: their freedom of movement and establishment, working conditions and social protection, Bernd Schulte
- Access for non-EC nationals to ´Fortress Europe´, Kirill Razlogov
- Circulation of the products of cultural
industries
- Review by the rapporteur, Lluis Bonet
- The European Community and the cultural industries, Robert Wangermée
- The implications of the Single Market on the audiovisual, press and publishing industries, Giuseppe Richeri
- The European book market, Michle Ricard
- Harmony and confusion in Europe´s media environment, Josef Trappel
- Taxation: a continuing impediment
to the free circulation of goods and people in and beyond the European
Community?
- Review by the rapporteur, J. Mark Davidson Schuster
- The withholding tax on artistes and entertainers and whether it should or would be harmonised in EC States, Nigel Clay
- Value added tax in the cultural sector with particular regard to the art market, Hans-Martin Schmitz
- Concluding Remarks
- The European Community and culture: extending the debate, Augustin Girard (Chairman of the Comité d´Histoire of the French Ministry of Culture)
- Reviewing the proceedings, Stefano Rolando (Head of the Department of Information and Publishing of the Presidency of the Italian Council of Ministers)
- Concluding statement issued by the participants
Appendice/Annex
- Summary programme
- List of participants
- Treaty of Maastricht: articles 128, 92, 92
- Selected reading list
- Introduction to the work of CIRCLE network
Limited copies of this book can be ordered from International Intelligence on Culture at www.intelCULTURE.org.